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The Five Stages of Ethical Hacking

Following are the steps of ethical hacking process.

Phase 1—Reconnaissance

Phase 2—Scanning

Phase 3—Gaining Access

Phase 4—Maintaining Access

Phase 5—Covering Tracks

Phase 1: Passive and Active Reconnaissance

Passive reconnaissance involves gathering information regarding a potential target without

the targeted individual’s or company’s knowledge. Passive reconnaissance can be as simple as

watching a building to identify what time employees enter the building and when they leave.

However, it’s usually done using Internet searches or by Googling an individual or company

to gain information. This process is generally called information gathering. Social engineering and dumpster diving are also considered passive information-gathering methods.

Sniffing the network is another means of passive reconnaissance and can yield useful information

such as IP address ranges, naming conventions, hidden servers or networks, and other

available services on the system or network. Sniffing network traffic is similar to building

monitoring: A hacker watches the flow of data to see what time certain transactions take place

and where the traffic is going.

Active reconnaissance involves probing the network to discover individual hosts, IP addresses,

and services on the network. This usually involves more risk of detection than passive reconnaissance

and is sometimes called rattling the doorknobs. Active reconnaissance can give a hacker an

indication of security measures in place (is the front door locked?), but the process also increases

the chance of being caught or at least raising suspicion.

Both passive and active reconnaissance can lead to the discovery of useful information to

use in an attack. For example, it’s usually easy to find the type of web server and the operating

system (OS) version number that a company is using. This information may enable a hacker

to find a vulnerability in that OS version and exploit the vulnerability to gain more access.

Phase 2: Scanning

Scanning involves taking the information discovered during reconnaissance and using it to

examine the network. Tools that a hacker may employ during the scanning phase can include

dialers, port scanners, network mappers, sweepers, and vulnerability scanners. Hackers are

seeking any information that can help them perpetrate attack such as computer names, IP

addresses, and user accounts.

Phase 3: Gaining Access

This is the phase where the real hacking takes place. Vulnerabilities discovered during the reconnaissance and scanning phase are now exploited to gain access. The method of connection the hacker uses for an exploit can be a local area network (LAN, either wired or wireless), local access to a PC, the Internet, or offline. Examples include stack-based buffer overflows, denial of service (DoS), and session hijacking. These topics will be discussed in later chapters. Gaining access is known in the hacker world as owning the system.

Phase 4: Maintaining Access

Once a hacker has gained access, they want to keep that access for future exploitation and

attacks. Sometimes, hackers harden the system from other hackers or security personnel by

securing their exclusive access with backdoors, rootkits, and Trojans. Once the hacker owns

the system, they can use it as a base to launch additional attacks. In this case, the owned system

is sometimes referred to as a zombie system.

Phase 5: Covering Tracks

Once hackers have been able to gain and maintain access, they cover their tracks to avoid

detection by security personnel, to continue to use the owned system, to remove evidence of

hacking, or to avoid legal action. Hackers try to remove all traces of the attack, such as log files

or intrusion detection system (IDS) alarms. Examples of activities during this phase of the

attack include steganography, the use of tunneling protocols, and altering log files.

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There are lot's of people are there who want to become a hacker or ethical hacker.Befer becomming a hackwr you need to study what actually mean by hacker and ethical hacker.Hacker is a person with stong knowledge of cyber security ,which he use to make harm to system.on other side ethical hacker is a person with same skillset bt whos aim is to secure a system from hacking.his main goal is to make secure system.
There are Three to four Type of Hacker.
1)Black Hat Hacker .
2)White hat Hacker.
3) Gray Hat Hacker.
4) Script kiddies.
5)Phlickers

To become as an Hacker is not easy as studyng an subject.it need lot's of knowldge ,logic.and that kind of mindset.
It will require Following knowlede topsi.
1)Hardware
2)Networking.
3)OS.
4)Programming.
etc.
For more info visit.
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How to save Laptop Battery Power without any Software

Today we will see how to save laptop battery and increase the standby time of your
laptop without any software.
                                   Till today you have used many application to save battery but you may found that
no any software can really reduce the energy consumption . So before the  solution i will tell you how laptop uses your battery.when you start your laptop at that time all you hardware part uses you battery to run.
At the same time there are many processes are working in the background for it .some of the processes are started automatically on system start up by default which are not you uses every day.already you have installed many apps in you system and for every app there at least one or more services are running .so some services are started on you manual app start or some start on system start up. 
                  
So among this all services or processes many processes are not required by you this time .and this unwanted processes consume you battery.so to save battery you need to stop them when not required.You can  also again start them when you required.by doing this only required processes will run and automatically your battery consumption will reduced.


How to Stop Unwanted services.
           To stop services there is an easiest way for windows 7 and windows 8 users is given below.
Just go to start menu and in search box type "services.msc" one item will appear in search result with the setting symbol.open that file which will show list of all services.Inthis list of all services you can see th list of all services.at same time open open "Task Manager" and under processes tab see which processes are using how much memory .now you can stop that processes from task manager and you can stop services from "services " window.
                Below i i have given the screenshot of Services and Task manager .

                Remember Services and Processes are somewhat different from each other.